LEARNING OUTCOMINGS
- To select specific individuals or groups who possess the qualities or characteristics relevant to the research, providing rich and targeted data.
- The goal is to deliberately select participants who meet specific criteria relevant to the research, often because they have certain expertise, characteristics, or experiences.
- It aims to gain detailed, qualitative insights into a particular phenomenon by choosing participants who can provide rich, relevant data.
- To efficiently sample large or geographically dispersed populations by breaking the sampling process into smaller, manageable stages while ensuring diverse subgroup representation.
- Multistage sampling is used when dealing with large and geographically dispersed populations. It allows researchers to break down the sampling process into smaller, more manageable stages.
- Multistage sampling allows researchers to ensure that different subgroups within a population are represented, leading to a more diverse and comprehensive sample.
Multistage and purposive sampling
Types of Sampling
There are two types of sampling. They are:
Probability Sampling
"Probability sampling is a method of sampling in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected." (Kerlinger & Lee, 2000, p. 187) [1]."Probability sampling methods include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling." (Babbie, 2017, p. 173) [2]."Probability sampling is used to select a representative sample from a population." (Creswell, 2014, p. 131) [3]."Probability sampling is a crucial aspect of research design." (Gay & Airasian, 2018, p. 123) [4]."Probability sampling methods are used to ensure that the sample is representative of the population." (Ary et al., 2018, p. 156) [5]
Non-Probability Sampling
"Non-probability sampling is a method of sampling in which the selection of the sample is based on non-random criteria." (Babbie, 2017, p. 174) [2] ."Non-probability sampling methods include convenience sampling, quota sampling, and purposive sampling." (Creswell, 2014, p. 152) [3]."Non-probability sampling is used when it is not possible or feasible to select a random sample." (Kerlinger & Lee, 2000, p. 188) [1] ."Non-probability sampling methods are used to select a sample that is convenient or easily accessible." (Best & Kahn, 2016, p. 145) [6] ."Non-probability sampling is often used in exploratory or qualitative research." (Cohen et al., 2018, p. 167) [7] .
Figure 1
Types of Sampling
Multistage Sampling
"Multistage sampling is a probability sampling method in which the population is divided into multiple stages, and a random sample is selected at each stage." (Kerlinger & Lee, 2000, p. 234) [1]."Multistage sampling is used to select a representative sample from a large and complex population." (Creswell, 2014, p. 143) [3]."Multistage sampling involves selecting a sample in multiple stages, with each stage involving a random selection of units from the previous stage." (Babbie, 2017, p. 194) [2]."Multistage sampling can reduce the cost and time required to collect data." (Gay & Airasian, 2018, p. 125) [4]."Multistage sampling can provide a more accurate representation of the population." (Ary et al., 2018, p. 158) [5].
Figure 2
Multistage Sampling
Purposive Sampling
"Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling method in which the sample is selected based on the researcher's judgment and expertise." (Kerlinger & Lee, 2000, p. 247)
[1] ."Purposive sampling is used to select a sample that is representative of the population, but not necessarily randomly selected." (Creswell, 2014, p. 153) [3] ."Purposive sampling involves selecting a sample based on specific criteria, such as expertise, experience, or demographic characteristics." (Babbie, 2017, p. 208) [2] ."Purposive sampling can provide rich and detailed data." (Gay & Airasian, 2018, p. 127) [4] . "Purposive sampling is often used in qualitative research." (Cohen et al., 2018, p. 169) [7]
Figure 2
Purposive Sampling
Table 1
Aspects of Multistage and Purposive sampling
References
Kerlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (2000). Foundations of behavioural research. Wadsworth Publishing.
Babbie, E. R. (2017). The practice of social research. Cengage Learning.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. Sage Publications.
Gay, L. R., & Airasian, P. W. (2018). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and interpretation. Pearson Education.
Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., & Razavieh, A. (2018). Introduction to research in education. Wadsworth Publishing.
Best, J. W., & Kahn, J. V. (2016). Research in education. Pearson Education.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education.
