LEARNING OUTCOMINGS

To select specific individuals or groups who possess the qualities or characteristics relevant to the research, providing rich and targeted data.
The goal is to deliberately select participants who meet specific criteria relevant to the research, often because they have certain expertise, characteristics, or experiences.
It aims to gain detailed, qualitative insights into a particular phenomenon by choosing participants who can provide rich, relevant data.
To efficiently sample large or geographically dispersed populations by breaking the sampling process into smaller, manageable stages while ensuring diverse subgroup representation.
Multistage sampling is used when dealing with large and geographically dispersed populations. It allows researchers to break down the sampling process into smaller, more manageable stages.
Multistage sampling allows researchers to ensure that different subgroups within a population are represented, leading to a more diverse and comprehensive sample.

Multistage and purposive sampling

Types of Sampling

There are two types of sampling. They are:

Probability Sampling

"Probability sampling is a method of sampling in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected." (Kerlinger & Lee, 2000, p. 187) [1]."Probability sampling methods include simple random sampling, stratified sampling, and cluster sampling." (Babbie, 2017, p. 173) [2]."Probability sampling is used to select a representative sample from a population." (Creswell, 2014, p. 131) [3]."Probability sampling is a crucial aspect of research design." (Gay & Airasian, 2018, p. 123) [4]."Probability sampling methods are used to ensure that the sample is representative of the population." (Ary et al., 2018, p. 156) [5]

Non-Probability Sampling

"Non-probability sampling is a method of sampling in which the selection of the sample is based on non-random criteria." (Babbie, 2017, p. 174) [2] ."Non-probability sampling methods include convenience sampling, quota sampling, and purposive sampling." (Creswell, 2014, p. 152) [3]."Non-probability sampling is used when it is not possible or feasible to select a random sample." (Kerlinger & Lee, 2000, p. 188) [1] ."Non-probability sampling methods are used to select a sample that is convenient or easily accessible." (Best & Kahn, 2016, p. 145) [6] ."Non-probability sampling is often used in exploratory or qualitative research." (Cohen et al., 2018, p. 167) [7] .

Figure 1

Types of Sampling

Multistage Sampling

"Multistage sampling is a probability sampling method in which the population is divided into multiple stages, and a random sample is selected at each stage." (Kerlinger & Lee, 2000, p. 234) [1]."Multistage sampling is used to select a representative sample from a large and complex population." (Creswell, 2014, p. 143) [3]."Multistage sampling involves selecting a sample in multiple stages, with each stage involving a random selection of units from the previous stage." (Babbie, 2017, p. 194) [2]."Multistage sampling can reduce the cost and time required to collect data." (Gay & Airasian, 2018, p. 125) [4]."Multistage sampling can provide a more accurate representation of the population." (Ary et al., 2018, p. 158) [5].

Figure 2

Multistage Sampling

Purposive Sampling

"Purposive sampling is a non-probability sampling method in which the sample is selected based on the researcher's judgment and expertise." (Kerlinger & Lee, 2000, p. 247)

[1] ."Purposive sampling is used to select a sample that is representative of the population, but not necessarily randomly selected." (Creswell, 2014, p. 153) [3] ."Purposive sampling involves selecting a sample based on specific criteria, such as expertise, experience, or demographic characteristics." (Babbie, 2017, p. 208) [2] ."Purposive sampling can provide rich and detailed data." (Gay & Airasian, 2018, p. 127) [4] . "Purposive sampling is often used in qualitative research." (Cohen et al., 2018, p. 169) [7]

Figure 2

Purposive Sampling

Table 1

Aspects of Multistage and Purposive sampling

Aspect	Multistage Sampling	Purposive Sampling
Sampling type	Multistage sampling	Purposive sampling
Category	Probability sampling	Non probability sampling

Definition	Sampling in multiple steps, combining different methods	Choosing specific people based on the study purpose
Example	Selects regions then cities, then households for a survey	Choose experienced teachers for research on teaching methods

References

Kerlinger, F. N., & Lee, H. B. (2000). Foundations of behavioural research. Wadsworth Publishing.
Babbie, E. R. (2017). The practice of social research. Cengage Learning.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach. Sage Publications.
Gay, L. R., & Airasian, P. W. (2018). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and interpretation. Pearson Education.
Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., & Razavieh, A. (2018). Introduction to research in education. Wadsworth Publishing.
Best, J. W., & Kahn, J. V. (2016). Research in education. Pearson Education.
Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2018). Research methods in education.

CONCEPT MAP